I've been helping a neighbor redo her living-room window unit after the super said she couldn't use the folding bracket because the sill wasn't rated for it. She had the classic setup: AC resting on the lower sash, side accordion panels screwed into the frame, and one of those cheap L-shaped brackets that is mostly just keeping the window from opening too far.
I tried not to be too much of a building-code scold, but this is one of those things where renter culture is all over the place. In my current prewar, the super wants a proper saddle bracket if the unit is above a certain weight, but no one checks after you sign the rider. In my old walk-up in Astoria, the super only cared if the bracket damaged the brick. A previous tenant had just used plywood and a tension rod, which I absolutely do not recommend.
The practical issue isn't only the unit falling straight down. It's vibration loosening the side panels over a whole summer, so the unit shifts outward a little at a time. If your window faces a courtyard, you'll hear the rattle in the neighbor's bedroom before you notice it in your own. A U-shaped or saddle bracket that sits on the sill and ties into the masonry is usually enough on a double-hung with a real wood or steel lintel. The trouble is that many prewar sills have old caulk, lead paint layers, and hidden rot.
Before anyone yells "just drill it," check your lease and super. Some buildings require a licensed handyman because they don't want anchors hitting old brick or a hidden lintel. Also, if you're above a sidewalk or scaffolding, the stakes are different. In my building, an unanchored window unit above the second floor can get a violation if a neighbor calls 311 or management does a façade walk.
So here's my actual question to the room: How many of you are running a window AC with no bracket and just the side panels, especially in a rental where you can't drill? Do you bother to add a secondary support, or is this a "the super never said anything" situation?